Daaqadda indhaha ee Ruby Gudbinta Sare ee Mohs Hardness 9 daaqada ilaalinta muraayadda leysarka

Daaqadaha indhaha ee Ruby Gudbinta Sare Mohs Hardness 9 muraayadda ilaalinta leysarka Sawirka muuqda

Sharaxaad Gaaban:

Daaqadda indha-indheynta ee Ruby waa unug wax qabad sare leh oo ku salaysan nadiif nadiif ah oo sarreeya ruby-ka synthetic (alpha-Al ₂O₃:Cr³ +) hal crystal, oo la diyaariyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka korriinka kristanta ee horumarsan sida kulaylka ama habka jiidashada. Sida darajada injineernimada daaqada gaarka ah ee indhaha, kaliya maaha inay leedahay sifooyinka gudbinta iftiinka ee muraayadda indhaha ee dhaqameed, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay awood farsamo oo heer sare ah iyo dulqaad deegaan oo xad dhaaf ah. Daaqada noocan oo kale ah waxaa badanaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka farsamaynta indhaha ee saxda ah, oo leh dusha sare ilaa 5/1 (scratch-dig), waxaana si gaar ah loo dabooli karaa si loo daboolo baahida codsiga. Marka lagu jiro xaalado adag sida cadaadis sare, heerkul sare iyo bay'ad daxalaysa, Windows Ruby waxay muujinaysaa faa'iidooyinka waxqabadka aan la bedeli karin waxayna yihiin qaybaha muhiimka ah ee indhaha ee muhiimka ah ee qalabka warshadaha sare, qalabka sayniska iyo hababka indho-indheynta gaarka ah.

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Tilmaamaha daaqada indhaha ee Ruby:

1. Tilmaamaha indhaha:
Xawaaladaha gudbinta waxay dabooshaa baaxadda muuqata ee 400-700nm waxayna leedahay nuugista ugu sarreysa ee 694nm
Tusaha dib u celinta 1.76 (@589nm), index birefractive 0.008, anisotropy waa iska cadahay

Dahaarka dusha sare waa ikhtiyaar:

Filimka ka hortagga milicsiga ee Broadband (400-700nm, celceliska milicsiga <0.5%)

Shaandhaynta xadhkaha cidhiidhiga ah (bandwidth ± 10nm)

Filim milicsi sare leh ( milicsi> 99.5% @ mawjad gaar ah)

2. Sifada makaanikada:
Heerka adkaanta Mohs 9, adkaanta Vickers 2200-2400kg/mm²
Xoog dabacsan> 400MPa, xoog cadaadis> 2GPa
modules Elastic 345GPa, Saamiga Poisson 0.25
Dhumucdiisuna waxay u dhaxaysaa 0.3-30mm, dhexroor ilaa 200mm

3. Tilmaamaha kulaylka:
Meesha dhalaalka 2050 ℃, heerkulka shaqada ugu badnaan 1800 ℃ (muddo gaaban)
Isku xidhka fidinta kulaylka 5.8×10⁻⁶/K (25-1000℃)
Dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka 35W/(m·K) @25℃

4. Waxyaabaha kiimikada:
Acid iyo alkali caabbinta daxalka (marka laga reebo hydrofluoric acid iyo sulfuric acid diirran oo kulul)
Iska caabin oksaydhismeed heer sare ah, deggan jawi oksaydhaynta heerkulka sare
Iska caabbinta shucaaca wanaagsan, waxay u adkeysan kartaa 10⁶ qiyaasta shucaaca jirka

Codsiga daaqada indhaha ee Ruby:

1. Qeybta warshadaha ee dhamaadka-sare:
Warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska: Daaqada daawashada cadaadiska u adkaysata ee nidaamyada kamaradaha godka hoostiisa, ilaa 150MPa cadaadis shaqo
Qalabka kiimikaad: daaqada fiirsashada reactor, acid xoog leh iyo caabbinta daxalka alkali (pH1-14)
Samaynta Semiconductor: Daaqadda daawashada qalabka etching plasma, adkaysi u leh gaasaska wasakhaysan sida CF₄

2. Qalabka cilmi-baarista sayniska:
Isha iftiinka shucaaca synchrotron: Daaqada iftiinka raajada, awooda culeyska kuleylka sare
Qalabka nukliyeerka ee isku dhafka ah: daaqada daawashada vacuum, adkaysi u leh shucaaca balaasmaha heerkulka sare
Tijaabo deegaan aad u daran: cadaadis sare iyo daaqadda indho-indheynta godka heerkulka sare

3. Warshadaha Difaaca Qaranka:
Baadhitaanka badda qotodheer: u adkeyso cadaadiska ilaa 1000 jawi
Gantaal doon: iska caabin xad dhaaf ah (> 10000g)
Nidaamyada Hubka Laser-ka: Daaqadda wax soo saarka laysarka awoodda sare leh

4. Qalabka Caafimaadka:
Daaqada wax soo saarka ee leysarka caafimaadka
Daaqadda fiirsashada ee qalabka autoclave
Qaybaha indhaha ee lithotriptor-ka extracorporeal

Qiyaasaha farsamada:

Foomamka Kiimikada	Ti3+:Al2O3
Dhismaha Crystal	Laba geesood
Lattice Constant	a=4.758, c=12.991
Cufnaanta	3.98 g/cm3
Meesha dhalaalaysa	2040℃
Mohs Hardness	9
Balaadhinta kulaylka	8.4 x 10-6/℃
Habdhaqanka kulaylka	52 W/m/K
Kuleylka Gaarka ah	0.42 J/g/K
Waxqabadka Laser	4-Heerka Vibronic
Fluorescence Nolosha	3.2μs at 300k
Range Tuning	660nm ~ 1050nm
Qiyaasta nuugista	400nm ~ 600nm
Heerka ugu sarreeya	795 nm
Meesha ugu sarreysa ee nuugista	488 nm
Tusmada Dib-u-celinta	1.76 at 800nm
Qaybta Iskutallaabta ugu sarreysa	3.4 x 10-19cm2

Adeegga XKH

XKH waxay bixisaa habaynta nidaamka buuxa ee daaqadaha indhaha ee Ruby: Tan waxaa ka mid ah xulashada alaabta ceeriin (la hagaajin karo fiirsashada Cr³ 0.05% -0.5%), mashiinka saxda ah (dulqaadka dhumucda ± 0.01mm), dahaarka indhaha (ka-hortagga milicsiga / milicsiga sare / nidaamka filimka shaandhaynta), xoojinta cidhifyada (naqshadeynta cidhifka qaraxa) iyo xakamaynta cadaadiska laserka. Taageerada wax-ka-beddelka cabbirka aan caadiga ahayn (dhexroor 1-200mm), wax-soo-saarka tijaabada ah ee yar-yar (ilaa 5 qaybood) iyo wax-soo-saarka ballaaran, waxay bixiyaan dukumeenti farsamo oo dhamaystiran iyo taageerada iibka ka dib si loo hubiyo waxqabadka la isku halayn karo ee alaabooyinka meelo kala duwan oo adag.