100mm Ruby Rod: Dhexdhexaadiyaha Laser-ka saxda ah ee Codsiyada Sayniska iyo Warshadaha
Jaantus faahfaahsan


Hordhac
Usha Ruby ee 100mm waa mid si weyn loo isticmaalo faa'iidada laysarka ee gobolka, oo lagu garto dhererkeeda qiiqa cas ee cad ee 694.3 nm. Waxa laga sameeyay corundum synthetic (Al₂O₃) oo lagu qurxiyey chromium ions (Cr³⁺), usha Ruby waxa ay bixisa kuleyl iyo xasillooni indhaha oo aad u wanaagsan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon nidaamyada kala duwan ee tamarta hoose ilaa dhexe. Iyada oo dhererkeedu yahay 100mm, usha Ruby waxay dheellitiraysaa awoodda kaydinta tamarta iyo naqshadaynta is haysta, taas oo awood u siinaysa isdhexgalka dabacsan ee waxbarashada, sayniska, iyo qalabka laser warshadaha qaarkood.
Muddo tobanaan sano ah, usha Ruby waxay u adeegaysay sidii qayb asaasi ah oo leysarka ka ah shaybaadhka indhaha, bandhigyada laysarka, iyo nidaamyada toosinta saxda ah. Cabbirka 100mm wuxuu ka dhigan yahay doorasho caadi ah oo ku habboon godadka resonator-ka ballaaran. Usha Ruby ee nadiifka ah ee ugu fiican, hufnaanta indhaha, iyo xoogga farsamada ayaa ka dhigaya doorasho waara oo la isku halayn karo xitaa marka ay tignoolajiyada cusub soo baxaan.
Mabaadi'da Wax-soo-saarka
Soo saarista usha Ruby waxay ku lug leedahay farsamooyin horumarsan oo kobcaya crystal-ka sida habka isku dhafka ololka ee Verneuil ama habka jiidashada Czochralski. Inta lagu jiro wax-soo-saarka, aluminium oxide waxaa lagu daraa fiirsashada saxda ah ee chromium oxide si loo abuuro kareemka Ruby isku midka ah. Marka boule-ku koraan, waa la jihaysan yahay, la jarjaray, oo loo qaabeeyey ul ruby ah oo cabbirka la rabo-100mm kiiskan.
Ushii Ruby kastaa waxay markaasi ku socotaa habraacyo si adag u dhalaalinaya. Wajiyada dhamaadka waa la duuduubay oo la sifayn si siman dabaqa laysarka ah (λ/10 ama ka sii fiican) waxaana lagu dahaadhay lakabyo dielectric ah oo leh milicsi sare (HR) ama ka-hortagga milicsiga (AR) si ay ugu habboonaato naqshadaha godka laysarka ee gaarka ah. Usha Ruby waa inay xor ka ahaataa isku-darka iyo striations si loo hubiyo bamgareynta indhaha oo joogto ah iyo luminta ugu yar ee firidhka.
Iunyada chromium ee ku dhex jira usha Ruby waxay nuugtaa iftiinka kala duwanaanshaha cagaarka/buluuga. Marka uu ku shubo laambad, waxay ku farxaan xaalad tamar sare. Markay ku soo noqdaan xaaladdoodii dhulka, waxay sii daayaan sawiro cas oo isku xidhan, iyagoo bilaabay fal-celin silsilad ah qiiqa la kiciyey-sidaas darteed waxay soo saartaa wax soo saarka laysarka. Usha Ruby ee 100mm waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro kaydinta tamar hufan iyo muddada fluorescence ee ugu habboon.
Halbeegga
Hanti | Qiimaha |
Foomamka Kiimikada | Cr³⁺: Al₂O₃ |
Nidaamka Crystal | Trigonal |
Cabbirrada Unugyada (Lax geesood) | a = 4.785 Åc = 12.99 Å |
Cufnaanta X-ray | 3.98 g/cm³ |
Meesha dhalaalaysa | 2040°C |
Balaadhinta kulaylka @ 323 K | Si toos ah dhidibka c- dhidibka: 5 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ La siman dhidibka c: 6.7 × 10⁻ K⁻¹ |
Dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka @ 300 K | 28 W/m·K |
Adag | Mohs: 9, Knoop: 2000 kg/mm² |
Modulka dhalinyarada | 345 GPA |
Kuleylka Gaarka ah @ 291 K | 761 J/kg·K |
Qiyaasta Cadaadiska Cadaadiska Kulaylka (Rₜ) | 34 W/cm |
Codsiyada Ruby Rods Guud ahaan Warshadaha
Ulaha Ruby, oo laga sameeyay oksijiinta hal-crystal aluminium ee synthetic oo lagu sameeyay ion chromium, ayaa aad loogu qiimeeyaa isku darka gaarka ah ee engegnaanta jireed, xasiloonida kiimikada, iyo sifooyinka indhaha ee muuqda. Tilmaamahani waxay ulaha Ruby ka dhigaan alaab qaali ah oo loogu talagalay codsiyada ballaaran ee warshadaha, sayniska, iyo saxda ah. Hoos waxaa ah waaxaha muhiimka ah ee ulaha ruby ka sii wadaan muujinta qiimaha gaarka ah:
1. Tignoolajiyada Laser-ka iyo Sawir-qaadista
Ulaha Ruby waxay u adeegaan sidii dhexdhexaadka faa'iido ee lasers-ka Ruby, oo iftiiminaya iftiinka cas ee 694.3 nm marka si muuqaal ah loo soo saaro. Iyadoo beddelka casriga ah sida Nd:YAG iyo fiber lasers ay xukumaan suuqa, lasers-ka ruby ayaa wali laga doorbidaa meelo gaar ah sida:
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Maqaarka caafimaadka (tattoo iyo ka saarida nabarrada)
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Qalabka muujinta waxbarashada
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Cilmi-baadhis indho-indhayn ah oo u baahan muddo dheer oo garaaca wadnaha ah iyo tayada iftiinka sare
Hufnaanta indhaha ee aadka u wanaagsan iyo hufnaanta beddelka tamarta ee Ruby ayaa ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon kontoroolka saxda ah ee sawirka iyo qiiqa.
2. Injineernimada saxda ah iyo cabbirka
Thanks to adkeysigooda sare (Mohs scale 9), ulaha ruby ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa nidaamyada cabbiraadda xiriirka ku saleysan, oo ay ku jiraan:
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Talooyin Stylus ee mashiinnada cabbiraadda isku-dubbada (CMMs)
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Tijaabooyin ku jira qalabka hubinta saxda ah
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Qodobbada tixraaca ee saxda ah ee saxda ah ee cabbirada indhaha iyo farsamada
Aaladahani waxay ku tiirsan yihiin caabbinta ruby ee qallooca, hubinta saxnaanta cabbirka joogtada ah, muddada dheer iyada oo aan xidhnayn.
3. Codsiyada samaynta saacadaha iyo wax-soo-saarka yar
Horology-ga sare, ulaha Ruby waxa loo habeeyey xadhkaha jewelka—qaybo yaryar oo yareeya is jiid-jiidka iyo xidhashada dhaqdhaqaaqa saacadaha farsamada. Isku-dhafkooda hoose ee is-jiidhka iyo qalafsanaantooda sare waxay gacan ka geystaan:
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Hawlgalka fudud ee tareenada qalabka
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Cimri dheeradka qaybaha saacadaha gudaha
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Degganaanshiyaha waqti-ilaalinta oo la hagaajiyay
Wixii ka dambeeya saacadaha, ulaha ruby waxa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa matoorada-yar-yar, dareemayaasha socodka, iyo gyroscopes halkaas oo loo baahan yahay khilaaf-hooseeya iyo isku halaynta.
4. Aerospace and Vacuum Systems
Hawada hawada sare, dayax-gacmeedka, iyo jawiga faakuumka sareeyo, ulaha ruby waxa loo isticmaalaa meel-badeeyeyaal ahaan, biinanka taageerada, iyo hagayaasha indhaha. Faa'iidooyinka muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
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Dabeecad aan falcelin lahayn oo ku jirta goobaha kimikalka ah ee gardarrada leh
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Iska caabin kulayl heer sare ah iyo xasilloonida cabbirka
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Wax faragelin birlabeed eber ah oo loogu talagalay aaladaha xasaasiga ah ee korantada
Astaamahani waxay u oggolaanayaan ulaha ruby inay si cillad la'aan ah u qabtaan xaalado aad u daran, oo ay ku jiraan soo-gaadhista shucaaca, isbeddellada heerkulka degdega ah, iyo cadaadiska faakuumka.
5. Aaladaha falanqaynta iyo caafimaadka
Ulaha Ruby-ga ayaa door lama huraan ah ka ciyaara qalabaynta casriga ah, gaar ahaan halka ku habboonaanta noole iyo firfircoonida kiimikaad ay muhiim u yihiin. Codsiyada waxaa ka mid ah:
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Baadhitaannada safayr-caarad ee spectroscopy iyo ogaanshaha
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Dhuumaha saxda ah ama qaybaha xakamaynta socodka ee falanqeeyayaasha
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Ulaha adkeysiga sare ee qalabka otomaatiga shaybaadhka
Oogada nadiifka ah, deggan iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon taabashada shaybaarka bayoolojiga ama dareerayaasha falcelinta.
6. Alaabooyinka raaxada iyo Naqshad Hawleed
Marka laga soo tago shaqeynta saafiga ah, ulaha yaanyada ah ayaa marmar lagu dhex daraa qalimaanta raaxada, kombuyuutarrada, qaybo dahabka ah, iyo cabbirrada indhaha—oo u adeegaya sidii walxaha dhismaha iyo qurxinta labadaba. Midabkooda guduudan ee qoto dheer iyo sagxadaha oogada la safeeyey waxay wax ku biiriyaan:
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Sifaynta bilicda
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Astaanta calaamadda saxda ah iyo adkeysiga
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Qiimaha badeecada ee la dareemay ee suuqyada-dhamaadka sare