Daaqadaha indhaha ee Metallized: The Unsung Enablers in Precision Optics

Nidaamyada indhaha ee saxda ah iyo nidaamka indhaha, qaybo kala duwan ayaa mid waliba door gaar ah ka ciyaara, iyaga oo si wada jir ah uga wada shaqeynaya fulinta hawlo adag. Sababtoo ah qaybahan waxaa loo soo saaray siyaabo kala duwan, daaweyntooda dusha sare sidoo kale way kala duwan yihiin. Waxyaalaha aadka loo isticmaalo,daaqadaha indhahawaxay ku yimaadaan qaabab badan oo kala duwan. Qayb hoose oo u muuqata mid fudud haddana muhiim ah ayaa ahdaaqadaha indhaha ee birta ah-ma aha oo kaliya "albaabiyaha" waddada indhaha, laakiin sidoo kale waa runkarti-bixiyeshaqeynta nidaamka. Aan si hoose u eegno.

Waa maxay daaqadda indhaha ee biraysan—iyo maxay sababta u qurxinaysaa?

1) Qeexid

Si fudud u dhig, adaaqadaha indhaha ee birta ahwaa qayb indho-indhayn ah oo substrate-ka caadiga ah, silica la isku daray, sapphire, iwm — leeyahay lakab khafiif ah (ama multilayer) oo bir ah (tusaale, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) oo lagu kaydiyo cidhifkeeda ama meelaha dusha sare ee loo qoondeeyey iyada oo loo marayo hababka faakuumka saxda ah ee saxda ah sida uumi-baxa ama sputtering.

Laga soo bilaabo cashuurta shaandhaynta ballaadhan, daaqadaha birta ah ayaa ahmaahashaandhada indhaha ee caadiga ah. filtarrada caadiga ah (tusaale, bandpass, baasas dheer) waxaa loogu talagalay in ay si xushmad leh u gudbiyaan ama ka turjumaan qaar ka mid ah xadhkaha muuqaalka ah, beddela spectrum iftiinka. Andaaqada indhaha, marka la barbardhigo, waa ugu horrayn ilaalinta. Waa inay ilaalisaagudbinta sarekoox ballaaran (tusaale, VIS, IR, ama UV) marka la bixinayogo'doomin deegaanka iyo shaabadeynta.

Si aad u saxan, daaqad bir ah waa asubclass khaas ahee daaqada indhaha. Kala soocistiisu waxay ku jirtaabiraynta, kaas oo siinaya shaqooyinka daaqad caadi ah ma bixin karto.

2) Waa maxay sababta metallized? Ujeedooyinka muhiimka ah iyo faa'iidooyinka

Ku dahaadhida qayb magac ahaan daah-furan oo leh bir madmadow ayaa laga yaabaa inay u ekaato mid liddi ku ah, laakiin waa caqli-gal, doorasho ujeedo wadata. Metallization caadi ahaan waxay awood u yeelataa mid ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

(a) Faragelinta Electromagnetic (EMI) gaashaanka
Nidaamyo badan oo elektaroonig ah iyo kuwa indhaha-electronic ah, dareemayaasha xasaasiga ah (tusaale, CCD/CMOS) iyo laysarka ayaa u nugul EMI-ga dibadda-waxayna sidoo kale soo saari karaan faragelin laftooda. Lakabka birta ah ee joogtada ah ee daaqada wuxuu u dhaqmi karaa sida aFaraday qafis, Oggolaanshaha iftiinka iyada oo la xannibayo beeraha RF/EM ee aan la rabin, si loo dejiyo waxqabadka qalabka.

(b) Isku xirka korontada iyo dhulka
Lakabka la bireeyay waa mid dhaqdhaqaajin leh. Adoo ku iibinaysa sunta rasaasta ama adigoo la xidhiidha guri bir ah, waxaad samayn kartaa dariiqyo koronto oo loogu talagalay walxaha ku rakiban dhinaca gudaha ee daaqada (tusaale, kuleyliyeyaasha, dareemayaasha heerkulka, electrodes) ama ku xidh daaqada dhulka si ay u kala firdhiyaan joogsiga iyo kor u qaadida gaashaanka.

(c) Xiritaanka Hermetic
Tani waa kiiska isticmaalka aasaasiga ah. Aaladaha u baahan faakuum sare ama jawi aan shaqaynayn (tusaale, tuubooyinka laysarka, tuubooyinka sawir-qaadayaasha, dareemayaasha hawada), daaqada waa in lagu xidhaa xidhmo bir ah oo lehshaabad joogto ah, aadka loogu kalsoonaan karo. Isticmaalkanaxaas, cirifka birta ah ee daaqada ayaa ku biiray guryaha birta ah si loo gaaro hermeticity fog ka wanaagsan isku xirnaanta koollada, hubinta xasilloonida deegaanka muddada-dheer.

(d) Apertures iyo waji-xidho
Metallization uma baahna inay daboosho oogada oo dhan; waa la qaabayn karaa. Dhigista maaskaro bir ah oo tolman (tusaale, wareeg ah ama afar gees ah) ayaa si sax ah u qeexaysadalool cad, waxay xannibtaa iftiinka lumaya, waxayna hagaajisaa SNR iyo tayada sawirka.

Meesha daaqadaha la bireeyay lagu isticmaalo

Waad ku mahadsan tahay awoodahaan, daaqadaha la bireeyay ayaa si ballaaran loo daad gureeyay meel kasta oo deegaanku u baahan yahay:

• Difaaca & Hawada:gantaalaha doonka, satalaytka wax lagu shubo, nidaamyada hawada raaca ee IR-halkaas oo gariirka, kulaylka darafyada, iyo EMI xooggan ay yihiin caadada. Metallization waxay keentaa ilaalin, daboolid, iyo gaashaan.

• Warshadaha & cilmi baarista heerka sare:layserooyin awood sare leh, qalabka wax sheegta, meelaha vacuum viewports, cryostats — codsiyo u baahan hufnaanta faakuumka adag, dulqaadka shucaaca, iyo is dhexgal koronto oo la isku halayn karo.

• Caafimaadka & cilmiga nolosha:Aaladaha leh leysarka isku dhafan (tusaale, cytometers socodka) kuwaas oo ay tahay in ay xiraan godka laysarka marka ay sii deynayaan iftiinka.

• Isgaarsiinta & Dareenka:Qaybaha fiber-optic-ga iyo dareemayaasha gaaska ee ka faa'iideysta gaashaanka EMI ee nadiifnimada calaamadda.

Tilmaamaha muhiimka ah iyo shuruudaha xulashada

Markaad cayimayso ama qiimaynayso daaqadaha indhaha ee birta ah, diirada saar:

1. Walxaha substrate- Wuxuu go'aamiyaa waxqabadka indhaha iyo jirka:

• BK7/K9 galaas:dhaqaale; ku habboon wax muuqda.

• Silica isku qasan:gudbinta sare ee UV ilaa NIR; CTE hoose iyo xasillooni heer sare ah.

• Sapphire:aad u adag, xoq u adkaysta, heerkul sare oo karti leh; UV-bartamaha-IR utility ballaaran ee deegaan adag.

• Si/G:ugu horrayn ee guutooyinka IR.

2. Bannaanka daloolka (CA)- Gobolka waxaa loo dammaanad qaaday inuu la kulmo sifooyinka indhaha. Aagagga birta ah ayaa guud ahaan jiifa bannaanka (oo ka weyn) CA.

3. Nooca biraha iyo dhumucda-

• Crwaxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa daloolada nalka-xiran iyo sida saldhig-ku-xidhid/brazing.

• Auwaxay siisaa conductivity sare iyo iska caabin oksaydhation for alxanka/brazing.
  Dhumucyada caadiga ah: tobanaan ilaa boqollaal nanometer, oo ku habboon inay shaqeeyaan.

4. Gudbinta- Boqolkiiba wax-soo-saarka ka sarreeya kooxda bartilmaameedka ah (λ₁–λ₂). Daaqadaha waxqabadka sarreeya way dhaafi karaan99%gudaha band design (oo leh dahaarka AR ku habboon ee daloolka cad).

5. Hermeticity- Halis u ah daaqadaha naxaas ah; Caadi ahaan lagu xaqiijiyo tijaabinta daadinta helium, oo leh heerar adag oo daadsan sida<1 × 10⁻ cc/s(Atm Isaga).

6. waafaqid brazing- Xidhmada birta ahi waa inay qoyan oo si fiican ugu xidhaa buuxinta la doortay (tusaale, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) oo u adkaysata baaskiil wadida kulaylka iyo culayska farsamada.

7. Tayada dusha sare– Qodista (tusaale,60-40ama ka sii fiican); Tirooyinka yaryar waxay muujinayaan cillado yar/yar.

8. Sawirka dusha sare- leexashada dabacsanaanta, sida caadiga ah lagu cayimay hirarka dhererka la bixiyay (tusaale,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm; qiyamka yar yari macnaheedu waa flatness wanaagsan.

Gunta hoose

Daaqadaha indhaha ee biraha leh ayaa fadhiya dariiqa u dhowwaxqabadka indhahaiyoshaqeynta farsamada/korontada. Waxay dhaafaan gudbinta kaliya, iyagoo u adeegaya sidaCaqabadaha ilaalinta, gaashaanka EMI, isdhexgalka hermetic, iyo buundooyinka korantada. Doorashada xalka saxda ah waxay u baahan tahay daraasad ganacsi oo heer nidaam ah: Ma u baahan tahay dhaqdhaqaaqa? Hermeticity nacas ah? Waa maxay qaybta hawlgalka? Immisa ayuu u daran yahay culaysyada deegaanku? Jawaabuhu waxay wadaan xulashada substrate-ka, kaydinta birta, iyo dariiqa habaynta.

Waa si sax ah isku dhafkansaxnaanta cabbir yar(tobanaan nanometer oo filimaan bir ah oo la farsameeyay) iyoadkaanta miisaanka weyn(adkeysiga kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska iyo kulaylka arxan-darrada ah) taasoo ka dhigaysa daaqadaha indhaha ee birta ah mid aan laga maarmi karin"Super window"-ku xidhidhiyaha goobta indhaha ee jilicsan iyo xaaladaha aduunka ugu adag.