Hordhac
Waxaa dhiirigeliyay guusha wareegyada isku-dhafan ee elektiroonigga ah (EICs), goobta wareegga isku-dhafan ee sawir-qaadista (PICs) ayaa soo kordhay tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1969. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ka duwan EICs, horumarinta madal caalami ah oo awood u leh inay taageerto codsiyada kala duwan ee photonic ayaa weli ah caqabad weyn. Maqaalkani waxa uu sahamiyaa soo ifbaxaya Lithium Niobate ee Tignoolajiyada Insulator (LNOI), kaas oo si degdeg ah u noqday xal rajo leh PIC-yada soo socda.
Kor u kaca tignoolajiyada LNOI
Lithium niobate (LN) ayaa muddo dheer loo aqoonsaday inay tahay agab muhiim u ah codsiyada sawir-qaadista. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya marka ay timaado filimka khafiifka ah ee LNOI iyo farsamooyinka wax-soo-saarka ee horumarsan ayaa awoodeeda buuxda la furay. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay si guul leh u soo bandhigeen hage-hageyaal-khasaare ultra-hooseeya iyo microresonators ultra-high-Q ah oo ku yaal aaladaha LNOI [1], iyaga oo calaamadeynaya boodboodka sawirka isku dhafan.
Faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee Tignoolajiyada LNOI
- Luminta indhaha ee aadka u hooseeya(sida ugu hooseeya 0.01 dB/cm)
- Qaab dhismeedka nanophotonic oo tayo sare leh
- Taageerada hababka indhaha ee kala duwan ee aan toos ahayn
- Isku-duubnida elektiroonigga ah (EO).
Nidaamyada indhaha ee aan toos ahayn ee LNOI
Qaab dhismeedka nanophotonic ee wax qabadkiisu sarreeyo ee laga dhex sameeyay madal LNOI ayaa awood u siinaya xaqiijinta hababka indhaha ee muhiimka ah ee aan tooska ahayn ee leh hufnaanta cajiibka ah iyo awoodda bamka ugu yar. Hababka la soo bandhigay waxaa ka mid ah:
- Jiilka Labaad ee Harmonic (SHG)
- Wadarta Soo noqnoqoshada Jiilka (SFG)
- Farqiga Soo noqnoqoshada Farqiga (DFG)
- Beddelka Hoose ee Parametric (PDC)
- Isku-dhafka Afar-Wave (FWM)
Nidaamyo kala duwan oo waji isku mid ah ayaa la hirgeliyay si loo wanaajiyo hababkan, iyada oo la samaynayo LNOI sidii madal indho-indhayn oo aan toos ahayn oo aad u badan.
Aaladaha Isku-dhafka ah ee Electro-Optically Tunable
Tiknoolajiyada LNOI ayaa sidoo kale awood u siisay horumarinta tiro balaadhan oo ah aaladaha sawir-qaadista ee firfircoon iyo kuwa daahsoon, sida:
- Modulators indhaha xawaaraha sare leh
- PIC-yada shaqada badan ee dib loo habayn karo
- Shanlooyinka inta jeer ee la dami karo
- Ilaha Micro-optomechanical
Aaladahani waxay ka faa'idaystaan sifooyinka EO ee lithium niobate si ay u gaadhaan kontoroolka saxda ah ee xawaaraha sare ee calaamadaha iftiinka.
Codsiyada wax ku oolka ah ee LNOI Photonics
PIC-yada ku saleysan LNOI ayaa hadda lagu qaatay tiro sii kordheysa oo codsiyo wax ku ool ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
- Microwave-to-optical beddelayaasha
- Dareemayaasha indhaha
- spectrometer-ka-chip
- Shanlooyinka soo noqnoqda indhaha
- Nidaamyada isgaarsiinta horumarsan
Codsiyadani waxay muujinayaan kartida LNOI si ay ula mid noqoto waxqabadka qaybaha bulk-optic, iyada oo la bixinayo xalal la miisaami karo, tamar waxtar u leh iyada oo loo marayo samaynta sawir-gacmeed.
Caqabadaha Hadda iyo Tilmaamaha Mustaqbalka
In kasta oo horumarkeeda rajo-gelinta leh, tignoolajiyada LNOI waxay wajaheysaa caqabado farsamo oo dhowr ah:
a) Dhimista dheeraadka ah ee luminta indhaha
Luminta waveguide hadda (0.01 dB/cm) wali waa amar ka sarreeya xadka nuugista walxaha. Horumarka farsamooyinka ion-slicing iyo nanofabrication ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo qallafsanaanta dusha sare iyo cilladaha nuugista la xiriira.
b) Xakamaynta joomatari ee Waveguide oo la hagaajiyay
Awood-siinta mawjadaha-700 nm-hoosaadka iyo 2 μm-hoosaadka isku-xidhka godadka iyada oo aan la hurin ku-noqoshada ama kordhinta khasaaraha faafinta ayaa muhiim u ah cufnaanta is-dhexgalka sare.
c) Kobcinta Waxtarka Isku-xidhka
Iyadoo fiilooyinka duuban iyo beddelayaasha qaabku ay caawinayaan in la gaaro waxtarka isku xidhka sare, daaha ka-hortagga milicsiga waxay sii yareyn karaan milicsiga is-dhex-galka hawo-maaddada.
d) Horumarinta Qaybaha Polarization Low-khasaare
Aaladaha sawir-qaadista ee aan dareenka lahayn ee LNOI waa lama huraan, oo u baahan qaybo ku habboon waxqabadka polarizers-meel bannaan.
e) Isku-dhafka Kontoroolka Elektarooniga ah
Si wax ku ool ah u dhexgalaan qalabka elektiroonigga ee kontoroolka baaxadda leh iyada oo aan hoos loo dhigin waxqabadka indhaha waa jihada cilmi-baarista ee muhiimka ah.
f) Isbarbardhigga Wajiga Sare iyo Injineernimada Faafinta
Naqshadeynta domain lagu kalsoonaan karo ee xallinta-yaryar-hoosaadka ayaa muhiim u ah indho-indheynta aan tooska ahayn laakiin weli waa tignoolajiyad aan qaan-gaarin oo ku taal madal LNOI.
g) Magdhawga Cilladaha Farsamaynta
Farsamooyinka lagu dhimo isbeddellada wejiga ee ay sababaan isbeddellada deegaanka ama kala duwanaanta wax-soo-saarka ayaa lama huraan u ah keenista adduunka dhabta ah.
h) Isku-xidhka Chip-ka badan ee Waxtarka leh
Wax ka qabashada isku xidhka hufan ee u dhexeeya jajabyo badan oo LNOI ah ayaa lagama maarmaan ah si loo cabbiro wixii ka baxsan xadka is dhexgalka wafer-kaliya.
Isku-dhafka monolithic ee qaybaha firfircoon iyo kuwa daahsoon
Caqabadda xudunta u ah LNOI PICs waa is dhexgalka monolithic ee qiimaha leh ee qaybaha firfircoon sida:
- Laser
- Baarayaal
- Beddelayaasha hirarka dhaadheer ee aan tooska ahayn
- Modulators
- Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Xeeladaha hadda jira waxaa ka mid ah:
a) Ion Doping of LNOI:
Doping doping ee ion firfircoon ee gobollada loo qoondeeyay waxay u horseedi kartaa ilo iftiin leh.
b) Isku xidhka iyo is dhexgalka kala duwan:
Ku xidhidhiyaha LNOI PICs dadban ee horay loo farsameeyay oo leh lakabyo LNOI ah oo la sameeyay ama leysarka III-V ayaa bixiya waddo kale.
c) Isku-dhafka Firfircoon/Passive LNOI Wafer Farsamaynta:
Habka cusubi waxa uu ku lug leeyahay isku-xidhka waferrada LN-ga ee doped iyo kuwa aan la xidhin ka hor inta aan la jarjarin ion, taasoo keentay in LNOI wafers leh oo leh gobollo firfircoon iyo labadaba.
Sawirka 1waxay muujinaysaa fikradda isku-dhafan ee PICs firfircoon/aan danayn, halkaas oo hab-socodka lithographic-ka keliya uu awood u siyo isku-habboonaanta iyo is-dhexgalka labada nooc ee qaybaha.
Isku dhafka Sawir-qaadayaasha
Isku-dhafka sawir-qaadayaasha PIC-yada ku salaysan LNOI waa tallaabo kale oo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday nidaamyo si buuxda u shaqaynaya. Laba hab oo aasaasi ah ayaa baaritaan ku socda:
a) Is-dhexgalka kala duwan:
Nanostructures semiconductor waxa si ku meel gaadh ah loogu xidhi karaa hagaha mawjadaha LNOI. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarinta hufnaanta ogaanshaha iyo miisaanka ayaa weli loo baahan yahay.
b) Beddelka Wavedherer aan toos ahayn:
Guryaha aan tooska ahayn ee LN waxay oggolaadaan beddelka soo noqnoqda gudaha hagaha mawjadaha, taas oo awood u siinaysa isticmaalka sawir-qaadayaasha silikon caadiga ah iyadoon loo eegayn hirarka dhererka shaqaynta.
Gabagabo
Horumarka degdega ah ee tignoolajiyada LNOI waxay u keentaa warshadaha inay ku soo dhawaadaan goob caalami ah oo PIC oo awood u leh inay u adeegto codsiyo kala duwan. Iyagoo wax ka qabanaya caqabadaha jira isla markaana horay u sii riixaya hal-abuurnimada is-dhexgalka keli-taliska ah iyo qalabka wax baadha, PIC-yada ku salaysan LNOI waxay awood u leeyihiin inay wax ka beddelaan qaybaha sida isgaarsiinta, macluumaadka tirada, iyo dareenka.
LNOI waxa ay haysaa ballan qaadka ah fulinta aragtida fog ee PIC-yada la cabbiri karo, taasoo la mid ah guusha iyo saamaynta EICs. Dadaallada R&D ee sii socda-sida kuwa ka socda Platform-ka Habka Nanjing Photonics iyo XiaoyaoTech Naqshad Platform-waxay laf-dhabar u noqon doonaan qaabaynta mustaqbalka sawir-qaadista isku-dhafka ah iyo furitaanka fursadaha cusub ee dhammaan qaybaha tignoolajiyada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-18-2025