Dulmar dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan hababka Kobaca Silicon Monocrystalline

Dulmar dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan hababka Kobaca Silicon Monocrystalline

1. Asalkii hore ee Horumarinta Silikoon Monocrystalline

Horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo baahida sii kordheysa ee wax soo saarka wax-ku-oolnimada sare leh ayaa sii xoojiyay booska udub-dhexaadka ah ee warshadaha isku-dhafka ah (IC) ee horumarinta qaranka. Sida aasaaska u ah warshadaha IC, semiconductor monocrystalline silicon ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara wadista hal-abuurka tignoolajiyada iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha.

Marka loo eego xogta laga soo xigtay Ururka Warshadaha Semiconductor International, suuqa wafer semiconductor-ka caalamiga ah waxa uu gaadhay tiro iib ah oo dhan $12.6 bilyan, iyada oo shixnaduhu ay korayaan ilaa 14.2 bilyan oo inji ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, baahida loo qabo wafers silikoon ayaa si joogto ah u kordheysa.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, warshadaha wafer silikoon ee caalamiga ah ayaa si aad ah u uruursan, iyadoo shanta ugu sareysa alaab-qeybiyeyaal ay xukumaan in ka badan 85% saamiga suuqa, sida hoos ku cad:

• Kiimikada Shin-Etsu (Japan)

• SUMCO (Japan)

• Global Wafers

• Siltronic (Jarmalka)

• SK Siltron (Koonfur Kuuriya)

Oligopoly Tani waxay keenaysaa in Shiinaha ee ku tiirsanaanta culus ee wafers silicon monocrystalline dibadda laga keeno, kaas oo noqday mid ka mid ah caqabadaha muhiimka ah xaddidaya horumarinta warshadaha isku dhafan ee dalka.

Si looga gudbo caqabadaha hadda jira qaybta wax soo saarka silikoon monocrystal semiconductor, maalgashiga cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta iyo xoojinta awoodaha wax soo saarka gudaha waa doorasho lama huraan ah.

2. Dulmarka Qalabka Silicon Monocrystalline

Silicon Monocrystalline waa aasaaska warshadaha wareegga isku dhafan. Ilaa hadda, in ka badan 90% chips IC iyo aaladaha elektiroonigga ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo silikon monocrystalline oo ah walxaha aasaasiga ah. Baahida baahsan ee silicon monocrystalline iyo codsiyadeeda kala duwan ee warshadaha waxaa loo aaneyn karaa dhowr arrimood:

1. Badbaadada iyo deegaanka u saaxiib: Silikoonku wuxuu aad ugu badan yahay qolofta dhulka, ma aha sun, iyo deegaan ahaan.

2. Dahaarka Korontada: Silikoon si dabiici ah u soo bandhiga sifooyinka korantada korantada, iyo daaweynta kulaylka, waxay samaysaa lakabka difaaca ee Silicon dioxide, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah ka hortagtaa luminta kharashka korontada.

3. Tignoolajiyada Kobaca qaangaadhka ah: Taariikhda dheer ee horumarinta tignoolajiyada ee hababka koritaanka silikoon ayaa ka dhigay mid aad uga sii casrisan marka loo eego qalabka kale ee semiconductor.

Qodobbadani waxay si wadajir ah u hayaan silikoon monocrystalline safka hore ee warshadaha, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan lagu bedeli karin qalab kale.

Marka la eego qaab dhismeedka crystal, silikoon monocrystalline waa shay laga sameeyay atamka silikoon oo lagu habeeyay shabag xilliyeed ah, samaynta qaab dhismeed joogto ah. Waa saldhigga warshadaha wax soo saarka chip.

Jaantuska soo socdaa wuxuu muujinayaa habka dhammaystiran ee diyaarinta silicon monocrystalline:

Guudmarka geedi socodka:
Silikoon Monocrystalline waxaa laga soo qaatay macdanta silikoon iyada oo loo marayo tillaabooyin sifayn taxane ah. Marka hore, silikoon polycrystalline ayaa la helay, ka dibna lagu koray silikon monocrystalline ingot foornada koritaanka crystal. Ka bacdi, waa la gooyaa, oo la safeeyaa, waxaana lagu farsameeyaa maraqa silikoon ee ku habboon soo saarista jajabka.

Waferrada Silicon waxay caadi ahaan u qaybsamaan laba qaybood:sawir-qaadeiyoheerka semiconductor. Labadan nooc ayaa inta badan ku kala duwan qaab-dhismeedkooda, nadiifnimadooda, iyo tayada dusha sare.

• Waferrada heerka-semiconductorwaxay leeyihiin nadiif si gaar ah u sareysa ilaa 99.999999999%, waxaana si adag looga baahan yahay inay noqdaan monocrystalline.

• Wafers-fasalka Photovoltaicwaa nadiif yar, oo leh heerar nadiif ah oo u dhexeeya 99.99% ilaa 99.9999%, mana laha shuruudaha adag ee tayada crystal.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waferrada heerka semiconductor-ka waxay u baahan yihiin siman oo dusha sare ah iyo nadaafadda marka loo eego wafers-fasalka sawirkavoltaic. Heerarka sare ee waferrada semiconductor waxay kordhiyaan kakanaanta diyaarintooda iyo qiimahooda xiga ee codsiyada.

Jaantuska soo socdaa wuxuu qeexayaa horumarka qeexida wafer semiconductor, kaas oo ka kordhay 4-inji (100mm) iyo 6-inch (150mm) wafers ilaa hadda 8-inch (200mm) iyo 12-inch (300mm).

Diyaarinta monocrystal silicon ee dhabta ah, cabbirka waferku wuu kala duwan yahay iyadoo ku saleysan nooca codsiga iyo arrimaha qiimaha. Tusaale ahaan, chips-ka xusuusta ayaa caadi ahaan isticmaala wafers 12-inch ah, halka aaladaha korontadu ay inta badan isticmaalaan wafers 8-inch ah.

Marka la soo koobo, horumarka cabbirka waferku waa natiijada sharciga Moore iyo arrimo dhaqaale labadaba. Cabbirka wafer-ka weyn ayaa awood u siinaya koritaanka aagga silikoon ee la isticmaali karo ee isla shuruudaha habaynta, hoos u dhigista kharashka wax soo saarka iyada oo la yareynayo qashinka ka imanaya cidhifyada wafer.

Iyada oo ah walxo muhiim u ah horumarinta tignoolajiyada casriga ah, wafers silikoon semiconductor, iyada oo loo marayo habab sax ah sida sawir-qaadista iyo ion implantation, waxay awood u siinaysaa soosaarka aaladaha elektiroonigga ah ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan toosiyeyaasha awoodda sare leh, transistor-ka, transistors-ka laba-cirifoodka, iyo aaladaha beddelka. Qalabkani waxa ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan dhinacyada sida sirdoonka macmalka ah, isgaarsiinta 5G, baabuurta elektaroonigga ah, internetka waxyaabaha, hawada sare, iyaga oo aasaas u ah horumarka dhaqaalaha qaranka iyo hal-abuurka tignoolajiyada.

3. Monocrystalline Growth Technology

TheHabka Czochralski (CZ).waa hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu soo jiido walxaha monocrystalline oo tayo sare leh dhalaalka. Waxaa soo jeediyay Jan Czochralski 1917, habkan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaaJiiditaanka Crystalhabka.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka CZ ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa diyaarinta qalabka semiconductor ee kala duwan. Marka loo eego tirakoobyada aan dhamaystirnayn, qiyaastii 98% qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ayaa laga sameeyay silikon monocrystalline, iyadoo 85% qaybahan la soo saaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka CZ.

Habka CZ ayaa la door biday sababtoo ah tayada ugu fiican ee crystal, cabbirka la xakameyn karo, heerka korriinka degdega ah, iyo wax soo saarka sare. Tilmaamahani waxay ka dhigaan silikoon CZ monocrystalline walxaha la doorbido si loo daboolo tayada sare, baahida baaxadda leh ee warshadaha elektiroonigga ah.

Mabda'a koritaanka ee CZ monocrystalline silicon waa sida soo socota:

Habka CZ wuxuu u baahan yahay heerkul sare, faaruq, iyo jawi xiran. Qalabka muhiimka ah ee habkan waafoornada koritaanka crystal, kaas oo fududeeya shuruudahan.

Jaantuska soo socdaa wuxuu muujinayaa qaabka foornada koritaanka crystal.

Habka CZ, silikoon saafi ah ayaa lagu dhejiyaa qolof ah, dhalaalay, iyo crystal abuurka ayaa lagu dhex geliyaa silikoon dhalaalaysa. Iyada oo si sax ah loo xakameynayo cabbirrada sida heerkulka, heerka jiidista, iyo xawaaraha wareega wareega, atamka ama molecules ee isdhexgalka abuurka crystal iyo silikoon dhalaalaysa ayaa si joogto ah dib u habeyn ugu sameynaya, iyagoo adkeynaya marka nidaamku qaboojiyo oo ugu dambeyntii sameeyo hal crystal.

Farsamadan koritaanka crystal waxay soo saartaa tayo sare leh, silikoon monocrystalline dhexroor-ballaaran oo leh jihayn crystal gaar ah.

Habka koritaanku waxa uu ku lug leeyahay dhawr tillaabo oo muhiim ah, oo ay ku jiraan:

1. Burburinta iyo Rarista: Ka-saarida kristanta iyo nadiifinta foornada iyo qaybaha wasakhaha sida quartz, graphite, ama wasakh kale.

2. Faakiyuum iyo dhalaalid: Nidaamka waxaa loo daadgureeyay meel bannaan, oo ay ku xigto soo bandhigida gaaska argon iyo kuleylinta kharashka silikoon.

3. Jiiditaanka CrystalKaristaanka abuurku wuxuu hoos u dhigayaa silikoon dhalaalaysa, iyo heerkulka interface si taxadar leh ayaa loo xakameeyaa si loo hubiyo crystallization habboon.

4. Garabka iyo Xakamaynta Dhexroorka: Sida crystal-ka u korayo, dhexroorkeeda si taxadar leh ayaa loo kormeeraa oo loo hagaajiyaa si loo hubiyo kobaca la midka ah.

5. Dhamaadka Kobaca iyo Xiridda Foornada: Marka cabbirka crystal-ka ee la rabo la gaaro, foornada waa la xiraa, crystals waa la saaraa.

Tillaabooyinka faahfaahsan ee geeddi-socodkani waxay xaqiijinayaan abuurista monocrystals tayo sare leh oo aan cillad lahayn oo ku habboon wax-soo-saarka semiconductor.

4. Caqabadaha ku jira Soo saarista Silicon Monocrystalline

Mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu waaweyn ee soo saarida monocrystals semiconductor-ballaaran waxay ku jirtaa ka gudubka caqabadaha farsamada inta lagu jiro geeddi-socodka koritaanka, gaar ahaan saadaalinta iyo xakamaynta cilladaha crystal:

1. Tayada Monocrystal ee aan is waafaqsanayn iyo waxsoosaarka hooseeya: Marka cabbirka monocrystals silikoon uu kordho, kakanaanta deegaanka koritaanku wuu kordhiyaa, taas oo adkeynaysa in la xakameeyo arrimaha sida kulaylka, socodka, iyo meelaha magnetic. Tani waxay adkeynaysaa hawsha lagu gaaro tayada joogtada ah iyo wax soo saarka sare.

2. Habka Xakamaynta Aan xasiloonayn: Habka kobaca ee semiconductor silicon monocrystals waa mid aad u adag, oo leh meelo badan oo jireed oo isdhexgalka, samaynta xakamaynta saxda ah oo aan xasilloonayn oo horseedaysa wax-soo-saarka alaabta hoose. Xeeladaha xakamaynta hadda waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan cabbirrada makroscopic ee kristanta, iyadoo tayada weli la hagaajinayo iyadoo lagu saleynayo khibradda gacanta, taasoo adkeyneysa in la buuxiyo shuruudaha abuuritaanka micro iyo nano ee chips IC.

Si wax looga qabto caqabadahan, horumarinta waqtiga-dhabta ah, kormeerka online iyo hababka saadaasha ee tayada crystal ayaa si degdeg ah loogu baahan yahay, oo ay la socdaan hagaajinta hababka xakamaynta si loo hubiyo in wax soo saarka xasilloon, tayo sare leh monocrystals waaweyn si loogu isticmaalo wareegyada isku dhafan.